I am looking for information but I can't find it. Is it possible to attach Amazon S3 storage to the Docker container so that it is via the application (Spring Boot) as a disk? If so, how to do it? If it is important, the docker image is managed by kubernetes
With kubernetes you can use block storage such as AWSElasticBlockStore out of the box.
If you want to use object storage like S3, this is also possible however far more complicated. If you are still interested in implementing specifically S3 storage on your kubernetes cluster, this article describes very well the whole procedure.
Amazon S3 is an object storage and not a block storage or file storage and you should not attach it to a container. For any practical purpose you should be able to use the s3 storage from the spring boot application using AWS SDK or API.