First of all, you only can control the permission of the whole Azure file share when you mount it as the persistent volume on the pods. It does not support to change the permission of a special file inside the share.

What I recommend is that you can filter the files into the different directories and the files in the same directory have the same permission. Then you can mount the directories of the Azure file share as the different persistent volumes to the pods and set the persistent volumes with different permissions as you need.

For example, you need a directory with permission 0644 and the files in it with permission 0664. Then you can create a persistent volume like this:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: azurefile
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: azurefile
  azureFile:
    secretName: azure-secret
    shareName: aksshare/subfolder1
    readOnly: false
  mountOptions:
  - dir_mode=0644
  - file_mode=0664
  - uid=1000
  - gid=1000
  - mfsymlinks
  - nobrl

And create a PersistentVolumeClaim which will use the PersistentVolume that you created above:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: azurefile
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: azurefile
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi

Finally, create the pod using the PersistentVolumeClaim with the volumes like this:

...
  volumes:
  - name: azure
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: azurefile

When it's OK, you can see things like you set below: