Assume currently I have 2 PVCs with ReadWriteOnce, claimed by Pod #1 and Pod #2 respectively. Both are running on Node #1.
Next, Pod #2 is updated with the newer Docker image. However, at the same time Pod #3 is run and allocated to Node #1. Since Node #1 is now full, Pod #2 could only be allocated by Kubernetes to Node #2.
Since AWS EBS and Google PersistentDisk could only be mounted on single Node, would Pod #2 become unable to connect to the-previously-claimed PVC?
If yes, how to avoid having this issue?
Yes, that is the downside of pv/pvc with the current storage deliveries of AWS and GCE.
To avoid this, you would have to use a different storage infrastructure which does not have this limitation. Possibilities are CEPH, Gluster, scaleIO (and others). These solutions abstract the storage away from the disks and provide a storage layer which is not node dependent anymore.
This shouldn't be a problem. When Pod #2 is scheduled to Node #2, Kubernetes should automatically detach the volume from Node #1 and attach it to Node #2 for Pod #2 to use there.