OK. Some solutions I find for my self:

• The HyperV on Win7 worked at last. (This is why I had two clusters running - a virtualbox and a HyperV one)
• Try setup Kubernetes using their getting started docs(minikube) before setup fabric8 (gofabric8) it makes things clearer.
• Setup Docker and using 'gofabric8 docker-env' and the FOR LOOP is neccessary but not mentoined often in the docs.
• Bottom line I wanted the maven fabric8 plugin running, so focusing on using their goal and docs at last lead me to the right
  direction.

Open issues:

• Cant access the deployed Project in the cluster. Guess I need to setup proxies next.
• The maven fabric8 plugin dont work seamlessly with Docker env. Need to investigate.

Hope I can help some other who have similar problems. And Iam still glad about any hints given :)

Further info:

 C:\dev>kubectl describe pod springboottut
    Name:           springboottut-1940958062-mfxlj
    Namespace:      default
    Node:           minikube/192.168.99.100
    Start Time:     Tue, 23 May 2017 20:01:35 +0200
    Labels:         group=net.sklorz
                    pod-template-hash=1940958062
                    project=springboottut
                    provider=fabric8
                    version=0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    Annotations:    fabric8.io/metrics-path=dashboard/file/kubernetes-pods.json/?var-project=springboottut&var-version=0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
                    fabric8.io/scm-tag=HEAD
                    fabric8.io/scm-url=https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/spring-boot-starter-parent/springboottut
                    kubernetes.io/created-by={"kind":"SerializedReference","apiVersion":"v1","reference":{"kind":"ReplicaSet","namespace":"default","name":"springboottut-1940
    958062","uid":"dc4e9aa9-3fe1-11e7-8fb6-0800271...
    Status:         Running
    IP:             172.17.0.12
    Controllers:    ReplicaSet/springboottut-1940958062
    Containers:
      spring-boot:
        Container ID:       docker://d96f2a2313bb7049cd5bb63568e2e01f1484827965843e73f7dbf94d76d61006
        Image:              sklorz/springboottut:snapshot-170523-200054-0346
        Image ID:           docker://sha256:cb5b28e95c9bd0ecb16ee3d9a0d39ab320ae0a896a598339285a7061ad504c94
        Ports:              8080/TCP, 9779/TCP, 8778/TCP
        State:              Running
          Started:          Tue, 23 May 2017 20:01:37 +0200
        Ready:              True
        Restart Count:      0
        Liveness:           http-get http://:8080/health delay=180s timeout=1s period=10s #success=1 #failure=3
        Readiness:          http-get http://:8080/health delay=10s timeout=1s period=10s #success=1 #failure=3
        Environment:
          KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE:     default (v1:metadata.namespace)
        Mounts:
          /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-fwls2 (ro)
    Conditions:
      Type          Status
      Initialized   True
      Ready         True
      PodScheduled  True
    Volumes:
      default-token-fwls2:
        Type:       Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
        SecretName: default-token-fwls2
        Optional:   false
    QoS Class:      BestEffort
    Node-Selectors: <none>
    Tolerations:    <none>
    Events:
      FirstSeen     LastSeen        Count   From                    SubObjectPath                   Type            Reason          Message
      ---------     --------        -----   ----                    -------------                   --------        ------          -------
      50m           50m             1       default-scheduler                                       Normal          Scheduled       Successfully assigned springboottut-194095
    8062-mfxlj to minikube
      50m           50m             1       kubelet, minikube       spec.containers{spring-boot}    Normal          Pulled          Container image "sklorz/springboottut:snap
    shot-170523-200054-0346" already present on machine
      50m           50m             1       kubelet, minikube       spec.containers{spring-boot}    Normal          Created         Created container with id d96f2a2313bb7049
    cd5bb63568e2e01f1484827965843e73f7dbf94d76d61006
      50m           50m             1       kubelet, minikube       spec.containers{spring-boot}    Normal          Started         Started container with id d96f2a2313bb7049
    cd5bb63568e2e01f1484827965843e73f7dbf94d76d61006

Its running right now. Now I still need to find out how to access the REST-API in that pod... (3rd questsion :) )