I think you mean that you want to mount a local volume into your Docker image. That is, the local folder is mounted as a volume inside the Docker image.

You can mount a local directory in your Docker container using volume hostPath

http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/volumes/#hostpath

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pd
spec:
  containers:
  - image: gcr.io/google_containers/test-webserver
    name: test-container
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /test-pd
      name: test-volume
  volumes:
  - name: test-volume
    hostPath:
      # directory location on host
      path: /data

Note that since your container could be deployed on ANY node, that means the hostPath must be available on any node, with the same content, if you want to have reproducible behavior.

In short, this is not meant to mount local data that you interact with, but rather things like libraries, certificates or similar.

As an alternative, you might want to consider using Secrets to mount small amount of data into your Pods.