We'd like to have a separate test and prod project on the Google Cloud Platform but we want to reuse the same docker images in both environments. Is it possible for the Kubernetes cluster running on the test project to use images pushed to the prod project? If so, how?
Yes, it's possible since the container images are on a per-container basis.
Looking at your question, I believe by account you mean project.
The command for pulling an image from the registry is:
$ gcloud docker pull gcr.io/your-project-id/example-image
This means as long as your account is a member of the project which the image belongs to, you can pull the image from that project to any other projects that your account is a member of.